Bank of Russia (CBR)

The Bank of Russia is the central bank and financial regulator of the Russian Federation, responsible for monetary policy, banking supervision, securities market regulation, insurance, and non-banking financial institutions. Established in 1990, it replaced the functions of the Soviet-era Gosbank and is one of the world's largest holders of gold and foreign exchange reserves. As a mega-regulator, the Bank of Russia has broad authority over nearly the entire Russian financial system.