Bank of Russia (CBR)

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The Bank of Russia is the central bank and financial regulator of the Russian Federation, responsible for monetary policy, banking supervision, securities market regulation, insurance, and non-banking financial institutions. Established in 1990, it replaced the functions of the Soviet-era Gosbank and is one of the world's largest holders of gold and foreign exchange reserves. As a mega-regulator, the Bank of Russia has broad authority over nearly the entire Russian financial system.